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Risks
of Artificial Feeding (Les
risques de l'alimentation artificielle)
(Studies done mostly
in affluent societies)
(Études
effectuées surtout dans les sociétés
affluentes)
Risks
to infant and child (global) - Risques pour
l'enfant (études générales)
1.
Walker M. A fresh look at the risks of artificial feeding. J Hum Lact
1993;9:97-107
2.
Cunningham AS, Jelliffe DB, Jelliffe EFP. Breastfeeding and health in
the 1980's: a global epidemiologic review. J Pediatr
1991;118:659-66
Cognitive
Development (développement cognitif)
CD
(review): Andraca I, Uauy R. Breastfeeding for optimal mental
development. Simopoulos AP, Dutra de Oliveira JE, Desai ID (eds):
Behavioral and Metabolic Aspects of Breastfeeding. World Rev Nutr
Diet. Basel, Karger, 1995;78:1-27
CD-1:
Morrow-Tlucak M, Haude RH, Ernhart CB. Breastfeeding and cognitive
development in the first 2 years of life. Soc Sci Med 1988;26:635-9
CD-2:
Taylor B, Wadsworth J. Breastfeeding and child development at five
years. Dev Med Child Neurol 1984;26:73-80
CD-3:
Lucas A, Morley R, Cole TJ, Lister G, Leeson-Payne C. Breastmilk and
subsequent intelligence quotient in children born preterm. Lancet
1992;339:261-4
CD-4:
Nettleton JA. Are n-3 fatty acids essential nutrients for fetal and
infant development. J Am Diet Assoc 1993;93:58-64
CD-5:
Rogan WJ, Gladen BC. Breastfeeding and cognitive development. Early
Hum Dev 1993;31:181-93
CD-6:
Silver LB, Levinson RB, Laskin CR, Pilot LJ. Learning disabilities as
a probable consequence of using chloride-deficient infant formula. J
Pediatr 1989;115:97-9
CD-7:
Willoughby A, Moss HA, Hubbard VS, Bercu BB, Graubard BI, Vietze PM,
et al. Developmental outcome in children exposed to chloride
deficient formula. Pediatrics 1987;79:851-7
CD-8:
Wing CS. Defective infant formulas and expressive language problems:
a case study. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools
1990;21:22-7
CD-9:
Crawford MA. The role of essential fatty acids in neural development:
implications for perinatal nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr
1993;57(suppl):703S-10S
CD-10:
Temboury MC, Otero A, Polanco I, Arribas E. Influence of
breastfeeding on the infant's intellectual development. J
Pediatric Gastroenterol Nutr 1994;18:32-36
CD-11:
Pollock JI. Longterm associations with infant feeding in a clinically
advantaged population of babies. Dev Med Child Neur 1994;36:429-40
CD-12:
Makrides M, Neumann MA, Byard RW, Simmer K, Gibson RA. Fatty acid
composition of brain, retina and erythrocytes in breast and formula
fed infants. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:189-94
CD-14:
Anderson GJ, Connor WE, Corliss JD. Docosohexaenoic acid is the
preferred dietary n-3 fatty acid for the development of the brain and
retina. Pediatr Res 1990;27:87-97
CD-15:
Neuringer M, Connor WE, Lin DS, Barstad L, Luck S. Biochemical and
functional effects of prenatal and postnatal fatty acid deficiency on
retina and brain in rhesus monkeys. Proc Natl Acad Sc USA
1986;83:4021-5
CD-16:
Florey C Du V, Leech AM, Blackhall A. Infant feeding and mental and
motor development at 18 months of age in first born singletons. Int J
Epidem 1995;24 (Suppl 1):S21-6
CD-17:
Wang YS, Wu SY. The effect of exclusive breastfeeding on development
and incidence of infection in infants. JHL 1996;12:27-30
CD-18:
Greene LC, Lucas A, Livingstone BE, Harland PSEG, Baker BA.
Relationship between early diet and subsequent cognitive performance
during adolescence. Biochem Soc Trans 1995;23:376S
CD-19:
Riva E, Agostoni C, Biasucci G, Trojan S, Luotti D, Fiori L, et al.
Early breastfeeding is linked to higher intelligence quotient scores
in dietary treated phenylketonuric children. Acta Pædiatr
1996;85:56-8
CD-20:
Niemelä A, Järvenpää A-L. Is breastfeeding
beneficial and maternal smoking harmful to the cognitive development
of children? Acta Pædiatr 1996;85:1202-6
CD-21:
Rodgers B. Feeding in infancy and later ability and attainment: a
longitudinal study. Devel Med Child Neurol 1978;20:421-6
CD-22:
Horwood LJ, Fergusson DM. Breastfeeding and later cognitive and
academic outcomes. Pediatrics 1998;101:p. e9
SIDS
(Mort subite du nourrisson)
SIDS-1:
Mitchell EA, Scragg R, Stewart AW, Becroft DMO, Taylor BJ, For RPK,
et al. Results from the first year of the New Zealand cot death
study. NZ Med J 1991;104:71-6
Insulin Dependent
Diabetes (Diabète insulino-dépendant)
Working
Group on Cow's Milk Protein and Diabetes Mellitus of the
American Academy of Pediatrics. Infant feeding practices and their
possible relationship to the etiology of diabetes mellitus.
Pediatrics 1994;94:752-4
JD-1:
Karjalainen J, Martin JM, Knip M, Ilonen J, Robinson BH, Savilahti E,
et al. A bovine albumin peptide as a possible trigger of
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Eng J Med 1992;327:302-7
JD-2:
Mayer EJ, Hamman RF, Gay EC, Lezotte DC, Savitz DA, Klingensmith J.
Reduced risk of IDDM among breastfed children. Diabetes
1988;37:1625-32
JD-3:
Virtanen SM, Räsänen L, Ylönen K, Aro A, Clayton D,
Langlholz B, et al. Early introduction of dairy products associated
with increased risk of IDDM in Finnish children. Diabetes
1993;42:1786-90
JD-4:
Virtanen SM, Räsänen L, Aro A, Lindström J, Sippola H,
Lounamaa R, et al. Infant feeding in Finnish children <7 yr of age
with newly diagnosed IDDM. Diabetes Care 1991;14:415-17
JD-5:
Gerstein HC. Cow's milk exposure and type I diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Care 1994;17:13-9
JD-6:
Kostraba JN, Cruickshanks KJ, Lawler-Heavner J, Jobim LF, Rewers MJ,
Gay EC, et al. Early exposure to cow's milk and solid foods in
infancy, genetic predisposition, and risk of IDDM. Diabetes
1993;42:288-95
JD-7:
Pérez-Bravo F, Carrasco E, Gutierrez-López MD, Martínez
MT, López G, García de los Rios M. Genetic
predisposition and environmental factors leading to the development
of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Chilean children. J Mol Med
1996;74:105-9
Cow
milk Allergy and Intolerance (Allergie et intolérance au lait
de vache)
CM-1:
Høst A. Importance of the first meal on the development of
cow's milk allergy and intolerance. Allergy Proc 1991;12:227-32
Respiratory
Illness (Pathologies respiratoires)
RI-1:
Pullan CR, Toms GL, Martin AJ, Gardner PS, Webb JKG, Appleton DR.
Breastfeeding and respiratory syncytial virus infection. Br Med J
1980;281:1034-6
RI-2:
Chiba Y, Minagawa T, Mito K, Nakane A, Suga K, Honjo T, Nakao T.
Effect of breastfeeding on responses of systemic interferon and
virus-specific lymphocyte transformation with respiratory syncytial
virus infection. J Med Virology 1987;21:7-14
RI-3:
Wright AL, Holberg CJ, Martinez FD, Morgan WJ, Taussig LM.
Breastfeeding and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year
of life. Br Med J 1989;299:946-9
RI-4:
Porro E, Indinnimeo L, Antognoni G, Midulla F, Criscione S. Early
wheezing and breastfeeding. J Asthma 1993;30:23-8
RI-5:
Burr ML, Limb ES, Maguire JM, Amarah L, Eldridge BA, Layzell JCM,
Merret TG. Infant feeding, wheezing, and allergy: a prospective
study. Arch Dis Child 1993;68:724-28
RI-6:
Pisacane A, Graziano L, Zona G, Granata G, Dolezalova H, Cafiero M,
et al. Breastfeeding and acute lower respiratory infection. Acta
Pædiatr 1994;83:714-18
RI-7:
Beaudry M, Dufour R, Marcoux S. Relation between infant feeding and
infections during the first six months of life. J Pediatr
1995;126:191-7
RI-8:
Okamoto Y, Ogra PL. Antiviral factors in human milk: implications in
respiratory syncytial virus infection. Acta Pædiatr Scand Suppl
1989;351:137-43
RI-9:
Downham MAPS, Scott R, Sims DG, Webb JKG, Gardner PS. Breastfeeding
protects against respiratory syncytial virus infections. Br Med J
1976;2:274-6
RI-10:
Wright AL, Holberg CJ, Taussig LM, Martinez FD. Relationship of
infant feeding to recurrent wheezing at age 6 years. Arch Pediatr
Adolesc Med 1995;149:758-63
RI-11:
Yue Chen. Synergistic effect of passive smoking and artificial
feeding on hospitalization for respiratory illness in early
childhood. Chest 1989;95:1004-07
Otitis
Media (Otites moyennes)
OM-1:
Saarinen UM. Prolonged breastfeeding as prophylaxis for recurrent
otitis media. Acta Pediatr Scand 1982;71:567-71
OM-2:
Teele DW, Klein JO, Rosner B. Epidemiology of otitis media during the
first seven years of life in children in greater Boston: a
prospective cohort study. J Infect Dis 1989;160:83-94
OM-3:
Duncan B, Ey J, Holberg CJ, Wright AL, Martinez FD, Taussig LJ.
Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months protects against otitis
media. Pediatrics 1993;91:867-72
OM-4:
Owen MJ, Baldwin CD, Swank PR, Pannu AK, Johnson DL, Howie VM.
Relation of infant feeding practices, cigarette smoke exposure and
group child care to the onset and duration of otitis media with
effusion in the first two years of life. J Pediatr 1993;123:702-11
OM-5:
Harabuchi Y, Faden H, Yamanaka N, Duffy L, Wolf J, Krystofik D. Human
milk secretory IgA antibody to nontypeable Hæmophilus
influenzæ: Possible protective effects against nasopharyngeal
colonization. J Pediatr 1994;124:193-8
OM-6:
Aniansson G, Alm B, Andersson B, Håkansson A, Larsson P, Nylén
O, et al. A prospective cohort study on breastfeeding and otitis
media in Swedish infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994;13:183-8
OM-7:
Paradise JL, Elster BA, Tan L. Evidence in infants with cleft palate
that breast milk protects against otitis media. Pediatrics
1994;94:853-60
OM-8:
Sassen ML, Brand R, Grote JJ. Breastfeeding and acute otitis media.
Am J Otolaryn 1994;15:351-7
OM-9:
Dewey KG, Heinig J, Nommsen-Rivers LA. Differences in morbidity
between breastfed and formula fed infants. J Pediatr 1995;126:696-702
(risk also increased in FF infant for otitis)
Risks
for the premature baby (Risques pour le bébé prématuré)
P-1:
Lucas A, Cole TJ. Breastmilk and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.
Lancet 1990;336:1519-23
P-2:
El-Mohandes AE, Picard MB, Simmens SJ, Keiser JF. Use of human milk
in the intesive care nursery decreases the incidence of nosocomial
sepsis. J Perinatol 1997;17:130-4
P-3:
Daniels L, Gibson R, Simmer K. Selenium status of preterm infants:
the effect of postnatal age and method of feeding. Acta Pædiatr
1997;86:281-8 (M:23)
P-4:
Uauy RD, Birch DG, Birch EE, Tyson JE, Hoffman DR. Effect of dietary
omega-3 fatty acids on retinal function of very low birth weight
neonates. Pediatr Res 1990;28:485-92 (M:18)
P-5:
Lucas A, Morley R, Cole TJ, Lister G, Leeson-Payne C. Breastmilk and
subsequent intelligence quotient in children born preterm. Lancet
1992;339:261-4 (CD: 3)
P-6:
Bishop NJ, Dahlenburg SL, Fewtrell MS, Morley R, Lucas A. Early diet
of preterm infants and bone mineralization at age five years. Acta
Paediatr 1996;85:230-6
P-7:
Carlson SE, Rhodes PG, Ferguson MG. Docosahexaenoic acid status of
preterm infants at birth and following feeding with human milk or
formula. Am J Clin Nutr 1986;44:798-804
P-8:
Foreman-van Drongelen MMHP, van Houwelingen AC, Kester ADM, Hasaart
THM, Blanco CE, Hornstra G. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in
preterm infants: status at birth and its influence on postnatal
levels. J Pediatr 1997;126:611-8
P-9:
Bier JB, Ferguson AE, Morales Y, Liebling JA, Oh W, Vohr BR.
Breastfeeding infants who were extremely low birth weight. Pediatrics
1997;100:p e3
Childhood
Cancer (Cancers infantiles)
CC-1:
Schwartzbaum JA, George SL, Pratt CB, Davis B. An exploratory study
of environmental and medical factors potentially related to childhood
cancer. Med pediatr Oncol 1991;19:115-21
CC-2:
Davis MK, Savitz DA. Graubard BI. Infant feeding and childhood
cancer. Lancet 1988;2:365-8
CC-3:
Freudenheim JL, Marshall JR, Graham S, Laughlin R, Vena JE, Bandera
E, et al. Exposure to breastmilk in infancy and the risk of breast
cancer. Epidemiology 1994;5:324-31
Gastrointestinal
Disease and Infections (Pathologies gastro-intestinales)
GI-1:
Koletzko S, Sherman P, Corey M, Griffiths A, Smith C. Role of infant
feeding practices in the developement of Crohn's disease in
childhood. Br Med J 1989;298:1617-8
GI-2:
Greco L, Auricchio S, Mayer M, Grimaldi M. Case control study on
nutritional risk factors in celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol
Nutr 1988;7:395-8
GI-3:
Duffy LC, Byers TE, Riepenhoff-Talty M, La Scolea L, Zielezny M, Ogra
PL. The effects of infant feeding on rotavirus-induced
gastroenteritis. A prospective study. Am J Pub Health 1986;76:259-63
GI-4: Hanson LA, Lindquist B, Hofvander Y, Zetterstrom R.
Breastfeeding as a protection against gastroenteritis and other
infections. Acta Pediatr Scand 1985;74:641-2
GI-5:
Ruiz-Palacios GM, Calva JJ, Pickering LK, Lopez-Vidal Y, Volkow P,
Pezzarossi H, et al. Protection of breastfed infants against
Campylobacter diarrhea by antibodies in human milk. J Pediatr
1990;116:707-13
GI-6:
Cruz JR, Gil L, Cano F, Caceres P, Pareja G. Breastmilk
anti-Escherichia coli heat labile toxin IgA antibodies protect
against toxin-induced infantile diarrhea. Acta Pediatr Scand
1988;77:658-62
GI-7:
Gillin FD, Reiner DS, Wang C-S. Human milk kills parasitic intestinal
protozoa. Science 1983;221:1290-2
GI-8:
France GL, Marmer DJ, Steele RW. Breastfeeding and Salmonella
infection. Am J Dis Child 1980;134:147-52
GI-9:
Haffejee IE. Cow's milk-based formula, human milk and soya
feeds in acute infantile diarrhea: A therapeutic trial. J Pediatr
Gastroenterol Nutr 1990;10:193-8
GI-10:
Lerman Y, Slepon R, Cohen D. Epidemiology of acute diarrheal diseases
in children in a high standard of living rural settlement in Israel.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1994;13:116-22
GI-11:
Howie PW, Forsyth JS, Ogston SA, Clark A, Du V Florey C. Protective
effect of breastfeeding against infection. Br Med J 1990;300:11-6
GI-12:
Duffy LC, Riepenhoff-Talty M, Byers TE, La Scolea LJ, Zielezny MA,
Dryja DM et al. Modulation of rotavirum enteritis during
breastfeeding. Am J Dis Child 1986;140:1164-8
GI-13:
Haddock RL, Cousens SN, Guzman CC. Infant diet and salmonellosis. Am
J Pub Health 1991;81:997-1000
GI-14:
Scariati PD, Grummer-Strawn LM, Fein SB. A longitudinal analysis of
infant morbidity and the extent of breastfeeding in the United
States. Pediatrics 1997;99, June 1997;e5 (also for otitis media)
Urinary
Tract Infection (Infections urinaires)
UT-1:
Pisacane A, Graziano L, Mazzarella G, Scarpellino B, Zona G.
Breastfeeding and urinary tract infection. J Pediatr 1992;120:87-9
Malocclusion
(Malocclusion)
MA-1:
Labbock MH, Hendershot GE. Does breastfeeding protect against
malocclusion? An analysis of the 1981 child health supplement to the
national health interview survey. Am J Prev Med 1987;3:227-32
Formula
as a heavy metal cocktail (Le lait industriel est un cocktail de
métaux lourds)
HM-1:
Koo WWK, Kaplan LA, Krug-Wispe SK. Aluminum contamination of infant
formulas. J Parenteral Enteral Nutrition 1988;12:170-3
HM-2:
Davidsson L, Cederblad Å, Lönnerdal B, Sandström B.
Manganese absorption from human milk, cow's milk and infant
formulas in humans. Am J Dis Child 1989;143:823-7
HM-3:
Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD. Lead and cadmium levels in commercial infant
foods and dietary intake by infants 0-1 year old. Food Additives and
Contaminants 1988;5:333-42
Other
Contamination due to bottle feeding (Autres polluants du lait
industriel)
C-1:
Mytjens HL, Roelofs-Willemse H, Jaspar GHJ. Quality of powdered
substitutes for breastmilk with regard to members of the family
Enterobacteriaceæ. J Clin Microbiol 1988;26:743-6
C-2:
Biering G, Karlsson S, Clark NC, Jonsdottir KE, Ludvigsson P,
Steingrimsson O. Three cases of neonatal meningitis caused by
Enterobacter sakazakii in powdered milk. J Clin Microbiol
1989;27:2054-6
C-3:
Westin JB. Ingestion of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines by infants and
children. Arch Environmental Health 1990;45:359-63
Allergy
(Allergie)
A-1:
Lucas A, Brooke OG, Morley R, Cole TJ, Bamford MF. Early diet of
preterm infants and development of allergic or atopic disease:
randomized prospective study. Br Med J 1990;300:837-40
A-2:
Kajosaari M, Saarinen UM. Prophylaxis of atopic disease by six
months' total solid food elimination. Acta Pediatr Scand
1983;72:411-14
A-3:
Ellis MH, Short JA, Heiner DC. Anaphylaxis after ingestion of a
recently introduced hydrolyzed whey protein protein formula. J
Pediatr 1991;118:74-7
A-4:
Saarinen UM, Kajosaari M. Breastfeeding as prophylaxis against atopic
disease: prospective follow-up study until 17 years old. Lancet
1995;346:1065-69
A-5:
Saylor JD, Bahna SL. Anaphylaxis to casein hydrolysate formula. J
Pediatr 1991;118:71-4
A-6:
Marini A, Agosti M, Motta G, Mosca F. Effects of a dietary and
environmental prevention programme on the incidence of allergic
symptoms in high atopic risk infants: three years' followup.
Acta Pædiatr 1996;Suppl 414 vol 85:1-19
Miscellaneous
(Divers)
M-1:
McJunkin JE, Bithoney WG, McCormick MC. Errors in formula
concentration in an outpatient population. J Pediatr 1987;111:848-50
M-2:
Specker BL, Tsang RC, Ho ML, Landi TM, Gratton TL. Low serum calcium
and high parathyroid hormone levels in neonates fed "humanized"
cow's milk-based formula. Am J Dis Child 1991;145:941-5
M2a:
Jochum F, Fuchs A, Menzel H, Lombeck I. Selenium in German infants
fed breastmilk or different formulas. Acta Paediatr 1995;84:859-62
M-3:
Kramer MS. Do breastfeeding and delayed introduction of solid foods
protect against subsequent obesity? J Pediatr 1981;98:883-7
M-4:
Dick G. The etiology of multiple sclerosis. Proc Roy Soc Med.
1976;69:611-5
M-4b:
Pisacane A, Impagliazzo N, Russo M, Valiani R, Mandarini A, Florio C,
Vivo P. Breastfeeding and multiple sclerosis. Br Med J
1994;308:1411-2
M-5:
Birch E, Birch D, Hoffman D, Hale L, Everett M, Uauy R. Breastfeeding
and optimal visual development. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
1993;30:33-8
M-6:
Makrides M, Simmer K, Googin M, Gibson RA. Erythrocyte
docosahexaenoic acid correlates with the visual response of healthy,
term infants. Pediatr Res 1993;34:425-7
M-7:
Sullivan SA, Birch LL. Infant dietary experience and acceptance of
solid foods. Pediatrics 1994;93:271-77
M-8:
Cochi SL, Fleming DW, Hightower AW, Limpakarnjanarat K, Facklam RR,
Smith JD, et al. Primary invasive Hæmophilus influenzæ
type b disease: A population-based assessment of risk factors. J
Pediatr 1986;108:887-96
M-9:
Arnold C, Makintube S, Istre GR. Day Care Attendance and other risk
factors for invasive Hæmophilus influenzæ type b disease.
Am J Epidemiol 1993;138:333-40
M-9a:
Takala AK, Eskola J, Palmgren J, Rönnberg P-R, Kela E, Rekola P,
Mäkelä PH. Risk factors of invasive Haemophilus influenzae
type b disease among children of Finland. J Pediatr 1989;115:694-701
M-10:
Michaelsen KM, Johansen JS, Samuelson G, Price PA, Christiansen C,
Skakkebæk NE. Serum bone Gla protein (BGP, Osteocalcin) in
infants: Values positively correlated with human milk intake.
Mechanisms Regulating Lactation and Infant Nutrient Utilization.
(Picciano MF, Lönnerdal B, editors). Volume 15 of Contemporary
Issues in Clinical Nutrition, pages 419-23.
M-11:
Jones EG, Matheny RJ. Relationship between infant feeding and
exclusion rate from child care because of illness. J Am Dietetic
Assoc 1993;93:809-11
M-12: MacFarlane PI,
Miller V. Human milk in the management of
protracted diarrhœa of infancy. Arch
Dis Child 1984;59, 260-65
M-13:
Osborn GR. Stages in development of coronary disease observed from
1,500 young subjects. Relationship of hypotension and infant feeding
to ætiology. Watson Smith Lecture, delivered to the Royal
College of Physicians of London, January 11, 1965.
M13a:
Bergström E, Hernell O, Persson LÅ, Vessby B. Serum lipid
values in adolescents are related to family history, infant feeding,
and physical growth. Atherosclerosis 1995;117:1-13
M-14:
Keating JP, Schears GJ, Dodge PR. Oral water intoxication in infants.
Am J Dis Child 1991;145:985-90
M-14a:
Bruce RC, Kiegman RM. Hyponatremic seizures secondary to oral water
intoxication in infancy: association wiht commercial bottled drinking
water. Pediatrics 1997;100; p e4
M-15:
Finberg L. Water intoxication. (editorial). Am J Dis Child
1991;145:981-2
M-16:
Shannon MW, Graef JW. Lead intoxication in infancy. Pediatrics
1992;89:87-90
M-17:
Nako Y, Fukushima N, Tomomasa T, Nagashima K. Hypervitaminosis D
after prolonged feeding with a premature formula. Pediatrics
1993;92:862-3
M-18:
Uauy RD, Birch DG, Birch EE, Tyson JE, Hoffman DR. Effect of dietary
omega-3 fatty acids on retinal function of very low birth weight
neonates. Pediatr Res 1990;28:485-92
M-19:
Hahn-Zoric M, Fulconis F, Minoli I, Moro G, Carlsson B, Böttiger
M, et al. Antibody responses to parenteral and oral vaccines are
impaired by conventional and low protein formulas as compared to
breastfeeding. Acta Pædiatr Scand 1990;79:1137-42
M-20:
Arnon SS, Damus K, Thompson B, Midura TF, Chin J. Protective role of
human milk against sudden death from infant botulism. J Pediatr
1982;100:568-73
M-21:
Mason T, Rabinovich E, Fredrickson DD, Amoroso K, Reed AM, Stein LD,
et al. Breastfeeding and the development of juvenile rheumatoid
arthritis. J Rheumatol 1995;22:1166-70
M-22:
Hasselbalch H, Jeppesen DL, Engelmann MDM, Michaelson KF, Nielson MB.
Decreased thymus size in formula-fed compared with breastfed infants.
Acta Pædiatr 1996;85:1029-32
M-23:
Daniels L, Gibson R, Simmer K. Selenium status of preterm infants:
the effect of postnatal age and method of feeding. Acta Pædiatr
1997;86:281-8
M-24:
Pettitt DJ, Forman MR, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, Bennett PH.
Breastfeeding and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus in Pima Indians. Lancet 1997;350:166-8
M-25:
Routi T, Rönnemaa T, Lapinleimu H, Salo P, Viikari J, Leino A,
et al. Effect of weaning on serum lipoprotein (a) concentration: the
STRIP baby study. Pediatric Research 1995;38:522-27
M-26:
Bergströme E, Hernell O, Persson LÅ, Vessby B. Serum lipid
values in adolescents are related to family history, infant feeding
and physical growth. Atherosclerosis 1995;117:1-13
Breastmilk
as "antimicrobial" (Le lait humain
est un "antimicrobien")
AM-1:
Yoshioka H, Ken-ichi I, Fujita K. Development and differences of
intestinal flora in the neonatal period in breastfed and bottle fed
infants. Pediatrics 1983;72:317-21
AM-2:
Hernell O, Ward H, Bläckberg L, Pereira MEA. Killing of Giardia
lamblia by human milk lipases: An effect mediated by lipolysis of
milk lipids. J Infectious Diseases 1986;153:715-20
AM-3:
Andersson B, Porras O, Hanson LA, Lagergård T, Svanborg-Edén
C. Inhibition of attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniæ and
Hæmophilus influenzæ by human milk and receptor
oligosaccharides. J Infectious Diseases 1986;153:232-7
AM-4:
Bell LM, Clark HF, Offit PA, Slight PH, Arbeter AM, Plotkin SA.
Rotavirus serotype-specific neutralizing activity in human milk. Am J
Dis Child 1988;142:275-8
AM-5:
Schroten H, Lethen A, Hanisch FG, Plogmann R, Hacker J, Nobis-Bosch R
et al. Inhibition of adhesion of S-Fimbriated Escherichia coli to
epithelial cells by meconium and feces of breastfed and formula fed
newborns: mucins are the major inhibitory component. J Pediatr
Gastroentero Nutr 1992;15:150-8
AM-6:
Walterspiel JN, Morrow AL, Guerrero ML, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Pickering
LK. Secretory anti-Giardia lamblia antibodies in human milk:
protective effect against diarrhea. Pediatrics 1994;93:28-31
AM-7:
Torres O, Cruz JR. Protection against Campylobacter diarrhea: role of
milk IgA antibodies against bacterial surface antigens. Acta Pediatr
Scand 1993;82:835-8
AM-8:
Pickering LK, Morrow AL, Herrera I, O'Ryan M, Estes MK,
Suilliams SE, et al. Effect of maternal rotavirus immunization on
milk and serum antibody titers. J Inf Dis 1995;172:723-8
AM-9:
Grover M, Giouzeppos O, Shnagl RD, May JT. Effect of human milk
protaglandins and lactoferrin on respiratory syncytial virus and
rotavirus. Acta Pædiatr 1997;86:315-6
Risks
to the Mother (Risques pour la mère)
Ovarian
Cancer (Cancer ovarien)
MO-1:
Hartge P, Schiffman MH, Hoover R, McGowan L, Lesher L, Norris HJ. A
case control study of epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol
1989;161:10-6
MO-2:
Gwinn ML, Lee NC, Rhodes PH, Layde PM, Rubin GL. Pregnancy,
breastfeeding and oral contraceptives and the risk of epithelial
ovarian cancer. J Clin Epidemiol 1990;43:559-68
MO-3:
Rosenblatt KA, Thomas DB, and the WHO collaborative study of
neoplasia and steroid contraceptives. Lactation and the risk of
epithelial ovarian cancer. International J Epidemiol 193;22:192-7
Osteoporosis
(Ostéoporose)
MO-4:
Aloia JF, Cohn SH, Vaswani A, Yeh JK, Yuen K, Ellis K. Risks factors
for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Am J Med 1985;78:95-100
MO-5:
Melton LJ, Bryant SC, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Malkasian GD,
Judd HL, Riggs BL. Influence of breastfeeding and other reproductive
factors on bone mass later in life. Osteoporosis 1993;3:76-83
MO-6:
Cumming RG, Klineberg RJ. Breastfeeding and other reproductive
factors and the risk of hip fractures in elderly women. International
J Epidemiol 1993;22:684-91
MO-6a:
Blaauw R, Albertse EC, Beneke T, Lombard CJ, Laubscher R, Hough FS.
Risk factors for the development of osteoporosis in a South African
population. S Afr Med J 1994;84:328-32
Endometrial
Carcinoma (Cancer endométrial)
MO-7:
Petterson B, Hans-Olov A, Berström R, Johansson EDB.
Menstruation span-a time-limited risk factor for endometrial
carcinoma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1986;65:247-55
MO-7a:
Rosenblatt KA, Thomas DB, and the WHO collaborative study of
neoplasia and steroid contraceptives. Prolonged Lactation and
endometrial cancer. Int J Epidemiol 1995;24:499-503
Breast
Cancer (Cancer du sein)
MO-8:
Layde PM, Webster LA, Baughman AL, Wingo PA, Rubin GL, Ory HW and the
cancer and steroid hormone study group. The independent associations
of parity, age at first full term pregnancy, and duration of
breastfeeding with the risk of breast cancer. J Clin Epidemiol
1989;42:963-73
MO-9:
Ing R, Ho JHC, Petrakis NL. Unilateral breastfeeding and breast
cancer. Lancet July 16, 19977;124-27
MO-10:
McTiernan A, Thomas DB. Evidence for a protective effect of lactation
on risk of breast cancer in young women. Am J Epidemiol
1986;124:353-74
MO-11:
Yuan J-M, Yu MC, Ross RK, Gao Y-T, Henderson BE. Risk factors for
breast cancer in Chinese women in Shanghai. Cancer Res 1988;58:99-104
MO-12:
Yoo K-Y, Tajima K, Kuroishi T, Hirose K, Yoshida M, Miura S, Murai H.
Independent protective effect of lactation against breast cancer: a
case-control study in Japan. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:726-33
MO-13:
Reuter KL, Baker SP, Krolikowski FJ. Risk factors for breast cancer
in women undergoing mammography. Am J Radiol 1992;158:273-8
MO-14:
United Kingdom National Case-Control Study Group. Breastfeeding and
risk of breast cancer in young women. Br Med J 1993;307:17-20
MO-15:
Newcomb PA, Storer BE, Longnecker MP, Mittendorf R, Greenberg ER,
Clapp RW, et al. Lactation and a reduced risk of premenopausal breast
cancer. N Eng J Med 1994;330:81-7
MO-16:
Tao S-C, Yu MC, Ross RK, Xiu K-W. Risk factors for breast cancer in
Chinese women of Beijing. Int J Cancer 1988;42:495-98
MO-17:
Siskind V, Schofield F, Rice D, Bain C. Breast cancer and
breastfeeding: results from an Australian case-control study. Am J
Epidemiol 1989;130:229-36
MO-18:
Romieu I, Hernández-Avila M, Lazcano E, Lopez L, Romero-Jaime
R. Breast cancer and lactation history in Mexican women. Am J
Epidemiol 1996;143:543-52
Weight
loss (Facilite la perte de poids)
MO-19:
Dewey KG, Heinig MJ, Nommsen LA. Maternal weight loss patterns during
prolonged lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:162-6
Risks
to Society (Risques pour la société)
S-1:
Thapa S, Short RV, Potts M. Breastfeeding, birth spacing, and their
effects on child survival. Nature 1988;335:679-82
S-2:
Short . Breastfeeding (contraceptive effect). Scientific American
1984;250:35-41
S-3:
Bitoun P. The economic value of breastfeeding in France. Les Dossiers
de l'Obstetrique. 1994;#216 (available on request)
S-4:
Radford A. The ecological impact of bottle feeding. (available on
request)
S-5:
Gross BA. Is the lactational amenorrhea method a part of natural
family planning? Biology and policy. Am J Obstet Gynecol
1991;165:2014-9
S-6:
Kennedy KI, River R, McNeilly AS. Consensus statement on the use of
breastfeeding as a family planning method. Contraception
1989;39:477-96
Compiled
by Dr. Jack Newman
Revised:
January 16, 1998
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